Introduction to Virology

Introduction to Modern Virology

Journal of General Virology – Introduction to ‘ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profiles’

The First ICTV Report was published in 1971, was 81 pages long and established 43 virus groups. Forty years later, the Ninth Report reached 1327 pages and described 87 families totalling 2284 species. The next Report will be even bigger but will no longer be produced as a book that has to be purchased – instead, it will be published online and made freely available to all. This will make it muc...

An Introduction to Sociolinguistics

Introduction to circular data

In many diverse scientific fields, the measurements are directions. For instance, a biologist may be measuring the direction of flight of a bird or the orientation of an animal. A series of such observations is called ”directional data”. Since a direction has no magnitude, these can be conveniently represented as points on the circumference of a unit circle centered at the origin or as unit ...

Introduction to Ethics

  The issues involved in this article are mainly concentrated on the origins of ethics or Moral ethics as an indepent science It has been said that this area of science was founded by Greek Philosophers after a great crisis and debates between such thinkers as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle on one side and  study of other cuitures and moral traditions, especially the Chinese and Hindu tradition...